With the increased globalisation and digitalisation of the economy and the challenge of recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, the future of EU competition policy is up for debate. In response, the European Commission is reviewing its enforcement practice and has brought forward new policy initiatives. In an effort to improve the evidence base of its activities, the Commission has become increasingly active in evaluating the economic effects of its competition policy interventions. This column summarises the main lessons learnt from this work and sets out areas for further research.