Futures trading should make spot markets more efficient. The column uses the introduction of purely financial traders in the California energy market to show that their presence reduced average price differences between day-ahead and real-time markets. The introduction of financial trading in high-demand hours saved $23 million in fuel costs and reduced emissions and pollution.
Akshaya Jha, Frank Wolak, 14 August 2019
Robert Stavins, Judson Jaffe, Todd Schatzki, 03 January 2008
The possibility of “no cost” emission reductions has been raised by research on California’s Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. Here is a more sober assessment. Overly optimistic findings leave policymakers with inadequate appreciation of the stakes, and provide little insight into the relative cost of policy design alternatives.
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